Overview
Electromagnetic locating is a method used to detect the electromagnetic signals radiating from metallic pipes and cables buried deep underground. This is done by detecting the magnetic field around a utility system produced by a radio frequency. Electromagnetic induction tools are used to locate a wide range of underground assets, including fibre optics, and the science behind it is based on the principle that a current flowing along a conductor creates a magnetic field.
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It uses electromagnetic fields to locate and identify underground utilities such as pipes and cables. It works by transmitting an electromagnetic signal into the ground using a transmitter, which induces a secondary signal in any conductive objects that are present underground. This secondary signal is then detected by a receiver and used to locate the underground utilities.
There are several advantages to using electromagnetic locating in underground surveying as compared to radar:
Non-destructive: Electromagnetic locating does not involve physically digging or excavating, making it a non-destructive method of locating underground utilities.
Can locate deep utilities: Electromagnetic locating can locate utilities that are deeper than most other locating methods and can reach up to 20 meters deep, whereas radar is limited to a depth of around 10 meters.
More accurate in some cases: Electromagnetic locating is more accurate in locating metal pipes and cables and can provide more precise location information for underground utilities, especially in case of buried metal pipes and cables.
Can be used in conjunction with other methods: Electromagnetic locating can be used in conjunction with other methods, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR) or pipe and cable locators, to provide a more complete picture of the subsurface.
Cost-effective: Electromagnetic locating is often a cost-effective option when compared to other locating methods, such as excavation or ground-penetrating radar.
However, it’s worth noting that radar has its own advantages as well, like its ability to detect subsurface voids, and map the subsurface structure, and to detect utilities that are not conductive, making it a good complementary method to Electromagnetic locating.
The complete process of Electromagnetic Locating typically includes the following steps:
Site preparation: The survey area is prepared by identifying the location of the underground utilities that need to be located and marking the area to be surveyed.
Ground conductivity testing: The ground conductivity is tested to determine the best method and equipment for the survey.
Equipment setup: The electromagnetic locating equipment is set up and calibrated, including the transmitter and receiver.
Signal injection: The transmitter is used to inject an electromagnetic signal into the ground, which induces a secondary signal in any conductive objects, such as metal pipes or cables, that are present underground.
Signal detection: The receiver is used to detect the secondary signal, which is used to locate the underground utilities.
Data collection: The data collected is analyzed and recorded, including the location, depth, and direction of the underground utilities.
Reporting: The data is analyzed and a report is prepared, including the location, depth, and direction of the underground utilities.
Follow-up action: Based on the findings, follow-up actions are taken such as marking the location of the underground utilities, and providing the client with the necessary information to plan their construction activities accordingly.
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